Inhabiting Liminal Spaces by Isabella Clough Marinaro

Author:Isabella Clough Marinaro [Marinaro, Isabella Clough]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781032185620
Google: 5jC4zgEACAAJ
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2022-01-15T02:37:18+00:00

Notes

1 This statistic combines the illegal economy (worth approximately 19 billion euro) and the submerged economy (undeclared and underdeclared earnings, worth 192 billion euro).

2 Note that the number peaked in 2015, with 195,000 firms registered, and has fallen somewhat since (FIVA Confcommercio, n.d.).

3 They can also sell at markets and fairs if there are remaining spaces not allocated to Type A traders. The latter may sell in an itinerant capacity when they are not occupying their designated market stand.

4 www.annunciambulanti.it/mercato/mercati-compro-vendo-affitto/mercati-lazio/

5 Legge 18 aprile 2017, n. 48 and Delibera Assemblea Capitolina 6 giugno 2019, n. 43. See Piazzoni (2020) for further discussion of these regulations.

6 The merchants’ association, Confesercenti (2018) estimates that there are about 105,000 fully unlicensed vendors in Italy, 75% of whom are believed to be non-nationals.

7 These two posters/pages of the flyer can be viewed at www.facebook.com/virginia.raggi.m5sroma/posts/1409586139223831/ and https://twitter.com/virginiaraggi/status/1199040607794212869/photo/1. Unfortunately, I am not able to reproduce them in this book because the municipal authorities failed to provide me with information about their procedure for obtaining copyright permissions, despite my repeated requests.

8 Clough Marinaro and Panella (2021) discuss in greater depth processes whereby informally and illegally sourced goods can make their way into formal shops.

9 Media reports of the time convey the centrality of ethnicity in these crackdowns: “Porta Portese, anti-Roma raid by the municipal police” (Martelli, 2007); “the outcome of the anti-informal trading blitz in the capital’s historic market was 104 foreigners – many Roma, some Poles and Senegalese, all lacking documents – all stopped and identified” (Rida, 2007).

10 Gaetano Rizzo, Municipal Councillor for Commerce (La Repubblica, 2007); Casa delle Libertà Party (Il Giornale, 2008).

11 A 2012 radio interview with Maurizio Cavalieri, President of the Porta Portese vendors’ association provides a powerful example of the discursive strategies used to portray Roma and other unlicensed vendors at the market as spoiling its economy and reputation – and by extension that of the entire city – while glorifying the informal trades of the past (www.youtube.com/watch?v=e9h1WJBppcU).

12 See Lelo et al. (2019) for an excellent collection of maps providing multifaceted indicators of Rome’s spatialized inequalities. The residents of Trastevere are shown to be among the most privileged in the city in terms of human capital, education and employment levels, the availability of public services, and stability of house prices. Households are generally small and the population is young and often unmarried, reflecting the area’s gentrification.

13 Italy’s complaints against the Directive were thus different from those of various other countries, such as France, whose resistance was based on fears that the legislation would promote “social dumping” by eroding labour protections and encouraging intra-EU migration of workers.

Download

Copyright Disclaimer:
This site does not store any files on its server. We only index and link to content provided by other sites. Please contact the content providers to delete copyright contents if any and email us, we'll remove relevant links or contents immediately.